Jill Tarter, Director for the Center for SETI Research, writes an interesting article on why, after a workshop in 1997/98, SETI concluded that transmission is not a good strategy to use in the search for intelligent life. The decision was part of their plan for the next 20 years.
In the article, she quotes Harvard physicist Paul Horowitz as saying:
"Statistically, it is extremely unlikely that our fist contact with an ETI [extra-terrestrial intelligence] civilization will also be its first contact with an ETI civilization. Thus the advanced technology we detect will have experienced this type of encounter many times before. It already may have established a galactic protocol for information interchange, to which ab initio transmissions by Earth will have no chance of adhering. Thus we justify our asymmetrical listen only strategy by recognizing our asymmetrical position amongst galactic civilizations. We are among the very youngest!"
-Space.com: What If Everybody Is Listening And Nobody Is Transmitting?